Measurement and meaning of hopelessness among Lutheran parishioners in Riga, Latvia

Imants Edward Kalnins

Etd

Measurement and meaning of hopelessness among Lutheran parishioners in Riga, Latvia

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MLA citation style (9th ed.)

Imants Edward Kalnins. Measurement and Meaning of Hopelessness Among Lutheran Parishioners In Riga, Latvia. Boston University School of Theology. rim.ir.atla.com/concern/etds/83d1ab25-0920-49c6-8bf6-196a8d1f5d3e?locale=zh.

APA citation style (7th ed.)

I. E. Kalnins. Measurement and meaning of hopelessness among Lutheran parishioners in Riga, Latvia. https://rim.ir.atla.com/concern/etds/83d1ab25-0920-49c6-8bf6-196a8d1f5d3e?locale=zh

Chicago citation style (CMOS 17, author-date)

Imants Edward Kalnins. Measurement and Meaning of Hopelessness Among Lutheran Parishioners In Riga, Latvia. Boston University School of Theology. https://rim.ir.atla.com/concern/etds/83d1ab25-0920-49c6-8bf6-196a8d1f5d3e?locale=zh.

Note: These citations are programmatically generated and may be incomplete.

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Imants Edward Kalnins

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This project measured hopelessness with the Beck Hopelessness scale in a Lutheran parish in Riga, Latvia, in order to investigate a possible link between hopelessness and suicidal deaths. The study also examined the meanings of hope and hopelessness in the Latvian cultural and sociopolitical contexts. Findings of the study indicate a higher hopelessness level for men than for women in the sample. Comparison between the hopelessness scores in the sample with actual suicidal deaths in Latvia indicates a strong relationship between hopelessness and suicide, especially with respect to age and sex.

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